公务员考试网 发表于 2017-6-28 03:46:11

2017辽宁公务员考试:判断推理——三段论快速解题技

首先,记住三段论的四种标准形式:所有A是B,所有B是C,则所有A是C;所有A是B,所有B不是C,则所有A不是C;有些A是B,所有B是C,则有些A是C;有些A是B,所有B不是C,则有些A不是C。
    其次,注意事项:①其中两个前提中包含三个不同概念,每个概念在推理中出现两次;②中项B在前提中一定有“所有B”的形式,且在结论中不出现;③前提中含有“有些”,结论中也有“有些”,且两个前提不能全是“有些”;④前提中有否定命题,结论中也为否定,且两个前提不能全是否定句。
    最后,对于结论型三段论的题目,优先考虑文氏图法解题;前提型三段论的题目,优先考虑利用三段论的基本规则进行快速排除。
    1.三段论结论型—文氏图法:出现“所有”画圈,出现“有些”画点,先画“所有”再画“有些”。
    例题1.所有行政管理专业的大四学生都报考了公务员,有的报考公务员的是党员,所有行政管理专业的大三学生都没有报考公务员。据此,可以推出:
    A.有的党员是行政管理专业的大四学生
    B.有的行政管理专业的大四学生是党员
    C.有的党员不是行政管理专业的大三学生
    D.有的行政管理专业的大三学生不是党员
    【解析】此题为典型的三段论结论型题目,可优先考虑文氏图法来解题。
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w48//kgIOSZWhnCAaBLumz0dmBcbrvQPi+o9qxt6kn20Nb7En7rCaWrqMw/UDS8wGqd8qdOyLAuCAFEHPI/wREAeHbO6BKbm2JR84QiINwOKW/SWYK8ApY4PMM2nfrveP5dcHG3tMfaqLPnW7L2mGn/2AZ/lPXRD0zSCIAwzTl/qNGya+PLly2xJv014fZRpC6Pv90433Rso6D9VFGU/hoN5zIS8MhDy2fYARFoPf8M2RxkV3PxfiiOOyTSjjSz55GxXZ5lq6tmvr3scTjdOBPKth4uPV3sJBXz++9//gg2xayCUM6zP/qijf4ze64K/JUtZlqIoiqK44UJ1lqfe/ltMj02AIzQURdk85AMOQ4zqIZsDRsNoUODVKQonjhFCkiSBiq/7ubxndcOSP56SaPybnk6apnAE2B5pxFEUua47quz5Y3LlEduPpmng/d9j4yGYDntoHeTD0XWdTLh8NpjDVVUJgiBJ0p9//rnkOKHVbKIbFja+RH+cCzj0djoCDHzcQBAEo59ZMj6cYbzOSG4CzLH9KlmBtwrLECAbAt6kqU0I28xP2DqhKMrff/8NsQfDMF7P4eNLFla+0L85f/DbHN53+PdFaNsWXHk7HQFW1zX8mmmafvvtt998883ox/jjNnWFf/2OdF0HPp+9N/rAXfDsJmQTYHGpadqUMbrZ/EySBCKif/zxB0guURS3XUZxBMpy3TDb5qgu2aT/m5BlmSRJhBDDMHYKPsN+K8Mwqqr617/+9c0334y+Pc/qhotr3HW0batpGjlkexo94QcLXCIvApvdZFnmrOC3nJ9ZlkFctCgKVoRtEkObWuOz/8v/g/Ot2fu+2vstaJoGXD2bK90hIO+ASZNzguFn+H/fl7quIdg25XbbnKZp4KcxTRNjD8g6YKeboij8BJaN5yekzUDCEnV9gHx50cW0RDf0/rd3cUqWzX6Xf+sDaNvW8zxBEMhGzroldwyCQNd1/raVWXH/xrqhLEtY/Rx8WkbXdbBEUFUVD/hDnqJtW6gCqev6rNdh+/lZ1zVEpD3P67quKAoI0wmC4Pv+urd5oQziqI3l19d9bCfatvV9XxRFkAV7hJ1fYbm4J/88/+uoDu5FEASQIXZW9SoonHmABYm8DdSXY9v2EqNzl1nati3EzRRFgfTKNE3B+oaePetlemp9uvC/Lq4b6rp2HAdsBUmSLigCeiND/zl6nX/lRtR1DV4dRVHO3XDAum3RgEA4UBfOU4uJHednHMew4AUD4vF4pGkKNgQhRNO0OI4Xqa+BHJm6wmFJswvvvjdJkoBmJYSoqrpwlI5kalR7A87XAXdUD8NX+lzYOR9F0dndQa5Imqbr1hD7Ts6maUAZKIpC/SFlWdI4hCAItm1Pbd2alexkgUODr0g4LT+laV6nqirXdeFXJIRYlnU1D9In0zQNOGolSbragSXUgJBlGYstIpQ8zyGxbZ3v8YiFGzhnCSGmadLIeNM0URRB10F5uK77gdKwKArP89hxCMMQXQTXAUI+8ALbtn1w0aqF9OJSeIbHh5PnOY3yuq67Msq7ebdGqeua+klc12UnGKyXIXwNKs627SRJ3lg+1nWdJIlt29RKkGXZcRwsmHM1wjCE3+iCiQBDmqZxXRfUmK7raEN8IKzf3rbtV8qsHerwLYoC4niiKAZB0PPYVlUVBAGbWS9JkmmaQRDkeX4F9+5quq7L8zwIAtM0qT4AiRMEAaqEC5KmKaxXrpkIwIHVEJIkBUHwxsssBGjbNgxDusI2TfP1igknBAPprJNlOYqiodBv2zZNU8/zqAKkktRxnCiKbiFMq6qK49hxHOovAjRNc133vQ2jW5MkCfXS+r5/00UJ7FChwgLDV+9KVVU0oVEURc/ztirJfE6iSNd11FqH5+EIyqIowjC0bZtmwYIfTdd1wzB83wfD4kSFUVVVnudRFPm+b5qmruvg+R1aP2f1EJmlt/J6fbfmRUiShNrisiy7rrtHDS7kYOq6DoKAisQ9EhrPTCLsui6OY/p4lmXNZoC0bZtlme/7uq6zqoIiiqKu65Zl+b4fRVH+lRd1adM0tKkkSXzft21b13UqSnroug7GwZHHKiDrACcMqPPZlcpN6WXBKYoSBAG+nLcDUniospckyXGcnRLnLpFgnmUZu+8hSZLlCrCu696aHcyrWWRZ1icY1TqjaJqm67rv+77vg+bYc5yQjSmKgqZTK4oy6uF8M/I8dxyHVRJTp3Qg16EoCt/3qUqAhJ29pc0ldAPA7nsQRfFFfZjnOVgYFAhg9Bhd8vfwPI9tJ8uyu8fGP5yePW4YxgcKxzRN2Uw5ODE4iiI0Ji5CXddRFJmmSR3UkiTZtr330cuUC+kGoGkadt6i8YtsBfgwYQsbzDR0vj8ej6qqwjCkwwKTzrbtKIpwcA6mqqooiizLYp3Vmqadks14Od1AKcvScRyqMw3DuGD1COQW5Hlu2za8S4IgWJb1gYbCLF3XpWnay6wTRdEwDMyk2A/ItWHtA1DPjuMkSXLiXsvr6gZKkiTsEZVg+b5ftBDZFpB0rNtE1/U4jq+5sflqQNKH53nsfiNCiKqqlmW9wZajE8nzPAxDx3F6Y0v1wUWE2w10A9C2bRRFrOWLG8eQIZDIQTfhg0kehiG6JV8hz3PI9egl5smybJomBOFwJo5SliUEPi3L6m11gkR8z/PSNL3gkuU2uoHSdd1owYksy3Ah87FAIgedexBZjeP4Ikuwd6Jt2ylVAYtfyNyDDPILirz9gJGBnMnRdEdJkmBw0jS9/mLlfrqBBQrVsb+Bpmme56Ge+ASgDIlhGDRrGdK9D0vkQB5fBWIYhpAHOLrjBxSGbdu+78dxnOf5raPckDcfx7Hv+47j6LreMwjomhXMgjAM8zy/3TLl3rqBAvlelmWx1YpQT7wZUJYKFmWsYQ7BUvRpXIeiKNI0pVtEORuGVFWFTHHQHL7vgyRlOWD+wqvFEoYh9AceYUoBDJVfmqZXq+K+jjfRDSw0D6ynJ1zXjeMYJci9gLJUruuygTuqD95jEn4IYGHQXUecPUZLAP8MZzfS6H4mXddZsfAUsNGV3gL2Ob2x0+wNdQPLqJ4gX2taoKq4IFVVJUkCE5vd4o764O0pyxLW7OCu6TEq6KeK1owyVQqht7mVLbfzyS/bm+sGlqZpaC0mNpWYqooPjJ5dAVqiavi7aJrmOA6qcAQ5ng/SDT3ggJ1hJXDytWCf4ziQx339jIK7QBM5puKWtAz7J6/XEOQKfK5u6FGWJUTPTNPs7UmhtgVb3vXWiRYHAJVrwSCAXI6eTUAIURQFqqxD7srZXUYQ5H+gbpgETmWgom20vCtYGLD9B/IrPs37wZ5dMVu3HJRrmqafNkoIcjtQNzwBJLpB0IJmQYzKQfJ106P+9QAiegbRjQJcIPep6Ie9nbPJHpCV6LouqIE7ZnYjCIK6YRtAhgZBsFCADoXpaNYEVScbQhO3AcMw6K1HnWlDwFqiBhPWLUeQ9wN1wxHARko2OY9uqHkx53pDqMQHwP/D5vOhIwhBPgfUDVeEJnpz1vtPMWV/nP2gCIJcFNQNCIIgSB/UDQiCIEif/wO88RNawImvjwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==
    根据题意,将各个概念间的关系如图所示,由“有的报考公务员的是党员”可知至少有一个党员是报考公务员的,由图可知报考公务员与行政管理专业大三学生是全异关系,因此至少有一个党员不是行政管理专业的大三学生,即有的党员不是行政管理专业的大三学生,故答案为C。
    2.三段论前提型—排除法:可运用三段论的四种标准形式及其注意事项进行快速排除
    例题2.有些南京人不爱吃辣椒,那么有些爱吃甜食的南京人肯定不爱吃辣椒。以下哪项能保证上述推理成立?
    A.所有南京人都不爱吃辣椒
    B.有些南京人爱吃甜食
    C.所有爱吃甜食的南京人都爱吃辣椒
    D.所有的南京人都爱吃甜食
    【解析】此题为典型的三段论前提型题目,根据注意事项①其中两个前提中包含三个不同概念,每个概念在推理中出现两次,可以发现题干中“不爱吃辣椒”出现两次了,由此判断要补充的前提项应该是“爱吃甜食”,即可排除A、C两个选项;根据注意事项③前提中含有“有些”,结论中也有“有些”,且两个前提不能全是“有些”可以判断所要补充的前提不能还有“有些”,即可排除选项B,故答案为D。
    以上是辽宁公务员网给大家总结三段论两种题型的快速解题方法,希望对大家有所帮助。更多精彩内容欢迎登陆:
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